Standards :: essays research papers

There are numerous standards that have been established worldwide relating to the Information Technology field. To minimize the following summation, I will only describe three of these standards. The first one will be the American National Standards Institute or ANSI for short. Next, I will discuss the International Standards Organization which is commonly referred to as ISO, in more detail. Finally, the Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers will be the topic of choice. All of these established standards play a role in the way we communicate electronically. The American Engineering Standards Committee, founded in 1918 was the proud predecessor to ANSI. A decade later, it was reorganized and given the American Standards Association name. It took almost forty years for the name to change again to the United States of America Standards Institute. Finally, in 1969, ANSI became to what it is today: a private, non-profit standards organization. The American National Standards Institute, produces industrial standards in the United States. This organization is a member of the International Standards Organization, otherwise known as ISO, as well as it being a member of the International Electrotechnical Commission, or IEC. ANSI’s standards encompass several areas of telecommunication. In computing, for instance, ANSI was the first to standardize the ASCII character set in X3.4, control codes in X3.41 and control sequences in X3.64. As an example, the control sequences in X3.64 are used to move the cursor around the screen of a "dumb" terminal. ANSI also standardized the ASA photographic exposure system which has become the basis for the ISO film speed system. The ASA photographic exposure system is widely used all over the world. Let’s not forget ANSI as it is used in Microsoft Windows. It refers to certain code pages that are sometimes mistaken for the ISO-8859 series, due to their similarities. L astly, what is commonly referred to as â€Å"ANSI art† is really ASCII art that is animated through ANSI terminal control codes that were widely used on bulletin boards during the 1980’s and the 1990’s. The International Standards Organization, formed in 1947, is a network of 153 countries. Each of these country’s national standards institute has one member in the ISO. The â€Å"Central Secretariat† of the ISO is in Geneva, Switzerland, and it overlooks and controls the system. ISO, despite its national foundation, is not a governmental organization. It does not have representatives of national governments. What it does have, is a firm position between the public and private sectors.

Arranged Marriage In Midnights Children Essay example -- essays papers

Arranged Marriage In Midnights Children â€Å"Arranged Marriages in Midnight’s Children† An element of Midnight’s Children, by Salman Rushdie that I particularly enjoyed was the recurring theme of loving someone in pieces. There are two instances where this is prevalent, one being the interaction between Aadam Aziz and Naseem Ghani. It is stated that: â€Å"In short: my grandfather had fallen in love, and had come to think of the perforated sheet as something sacred and magical, because through it he had seen the things which had filled up the whole inside him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through the perforated sheet, Aadam Aziz never saw his bride until he asked for her hand in marriage. Instead, he fell in love with â€Å"the softness of her ticklish skin, or the perfect tiny wrists, or the beauty of her ankles.† Aadam Aziz, who had concentrating on loving the pieces of Naseem, was ill prepared for her presence in its entirety. Naseem and Aadam’s marriage â€Å"rapidly dissolved into a place of frequent and devastating warfare under whose depredations the young girl behind the sheet and the gauche young Doctor turned rapidly into different stranger beings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The question, or rather statement made here by Rushdie, is whether or not it is possible to love someone in pieces, without knowing their whole being. When examining the relationship between Naseem and Aadam Aziz, it seems as though Rushdie is stating that one cannot love someone through a perforated sheet, without knowing their soul. Aadam...

Analysis of Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay -- Richard

In â€Å"Richard Cory†, Edwin Arlington Robinson uses irony, simplicity, and perfect rhyme to depict the theme of the poem. The rhyme in â€Å"Richard Cory† is almost song-like, and it continues throughout the whole poem. The theme of the poem is that appearances are deceiving. The poem is about a man who everyone thinks is a â€Å"gentleman from sole to crown†, who then commits suicide. Irony is used in the poem very skillfully to show that appearances may be deceiving. When reading the poem, you get caught up in the song-like rhythm and it intensifies the effect of the tragedy. You think that everything is going perfectly, and that the poem is going to have a happy ending until you get to the last two lines, which are, â€Å"And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,/ Went home and put a bullet through his head.† When Richard Cory kills himself at the end of the poem, it is as shocking to the reader as it is to everyone else in the poem who assumed him to be the all around perfect guy. It is ironical that the man who everyone else thought was â€Å"perfect†, was missing something, and took his life Why does everyone want to be like someone else? It is human nature to want to be admired and honored. This is not right, though. Each and everyone person should be happy with who they are because just imagine if everyone were perfect and the same. The world would be quite boring. Edwin Robinson clearly shows us in his poem "Richard Cory" that the life of someone else may not be all what it is cracked up...

Coffee from Ampalaya Seeds

COFFEE FROM AMPALAYA SEEDS (Momordica Charantia) TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Background Of The Study3 B. Statement Of The Problem And Objectives Of The Study4 C. Significance Of The Study6 D. Scope And Limitations6 E. Operational Definition Of Terms7 Chapter II8 Review Of Related Literature8 Chapter III11 Methodology11 A. Research Design11 B. Type Of Study12 C. Independent And Dependent Variable12 D. Treatments Of The Study13 E. Subjects / Samples13 F. Replications Per Treatment14 G. Methodology Proper14 H. Statistical Treatment For Data Analysis17 Chapter IV18Results And Discussions18 Chapter V30 Summary, Conclusion And Recommendations30 Appendix32 Appendix A32 Appendix B34 BIBLIOGRAPHY36 References36 CHAPTER I Introduction A. Background Of The Study Coffee alternatives have been famous since the last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The differenc e of the generic coffee from the seeds of the coffee plant from those of the alternatives is that it has a good amount of caffeine content.The similarity you can find in the alternatives and those of the original is that seeds contain carbohydrates which cause the aroma in roasted coffee [4, 5, and 6]. Ampalaya, on the other hand, is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like the Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. It is also famous in treating diabetes because of its properties like polypeptide-P; a plant insulin that can lower blood sugar levels.Many researches on agricultural food chemistry convey that it provides nutritionally significant amounts of nutrients, minerals and amino acids that are needed for life [1, 2, and 3]. Ampalaya seeds when used as an alternative coffee will act as a stimulant, an herbal drink and at the same time can increase its additional properties like source for insulin and other nu trients found on Momordica charantia. Ampalaya seeds when used as dry powders have clearly demonstrated hypoglycemic activity [3].The researchers decided to process Ampalaya seeds the same routine on how the coffee bean is processed into a drinking beverage and test its sensory qualities using sampling techniques. B. Statement Of The Problem And Objectives Of The Study Main Problem * Can Ampalaya Seeds (Momordica charantia) be made into coffee? Sub-Problems * Does the coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) Seeds have a good quality in terms of taste? color? odor? texture? * What are the sensory qualities of the different treatments in terms of taste? color? odor? texture? * Which of the groups/set-ups are acceptable in terms of its overall acceptability?A. Control (Pure Ampalaya Coffee) B. Control (Pure Commercial Coffee) C. Treatment A (75% Ampalaya Coffee, 25% Commercial Coffee) D. Treatment B (50% Ampalaya Coffee, 50% Commercial Coffee) E. Treatment C (25% Ampalaya Coffee, 75% Commercial Coffee) General Objectives * This study primarily aims to determine if Ampalaya Seeds (Momordica charantia) can be made into coffee. Specific Objectives * To determine the quality of coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Seeds in terms of taste, color, odor and texture. * To identify the sensory qualities of the different treatments in terms of taste, color, odor and texture. To determine which of the groups/set-ups are acceptable in terms of its overall acceptability. A. Control (Pure Ampalaya Coffee) B. Control (Pure Commercial Coffee) C. Treatment A (75% Ampalaya Coffee, 25% Commercial Coffee) D. Treatment B (50% Ampalaya Coffee, 50% Commercial Coffee) E. Treatment C (25% Ampalaya Coffee, 75% Commercial Coffee) C. Significance Of The Study This research can play a significant role in replacing the generic coffee’s market cost for affordability and its medical benefits for various types of diseases/sickness like diabetes and anemia.It can also conserve unused or to-be-thrown away seeds of Ampalaya and use it for a better cause. According to the study of YumikoYasui, its seeds have linoleic acid that can  prevent coloncancer. It also contains polypeptide-P;a plant insulin that helps diabetic patients. D. Scope And Limitations This research will be conducted on July–August 2012 at Paraiso Cmpd. Baybay City, Leyte. This study focuses on how to make Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) seeds into coffee. The whole fruit is not included in making the product, only the seeds are used to make coffee.The researchers are not focusing on the nutrient values that they can get in the Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) seeds nor will they include it in their research. Instead, the researchers are focusing in making coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) seeds and in the sensory qualities (taste, color, and odor) of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) coffeein comparison to the commercial coffee. E. Operational Definition Of Terms * Momordica charantia * scientific name of the Ampalaya or Bitter Melon * polypeptide-P * a plant insulin found only in the Ampalaya * potentiate insulin is an alternative cancer treatment using insulin to administer low-dose chemotherapy or mandelonitrite * caffeine * is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholihesterase inhibitor * is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruits of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants * Coffea Arabica * is a species of coffea originally indigenous to the mountains of Yemen in the Arabian * Coffea canephora is a variety of coffea which has its origin in central and western sub-Saharan Africa * Hemileia vastatrix * severe symptoms of leaf rust * is a fungus of the order uredenales that causes coffee rust, a disease that is devastating to coffee plantations Chapter II Review Of Related Literature Coffee altern atives can be a solution to the serious need for a very economical, nutritious and medicinal coffee. It is very economical in the sense that its cost would be near to costless. It is nutritious that it has additional properties, vitamins and minerals that is very essential in the body’s growth and development.It is medicinal in a way that the coffee can cure several diseases more than ordinary commercial coffees can [7]. Ampalaya seeds are a good alternative for making coffee because it has more similar properties to coffee beans like carbohydrate and its bitterness. It is also good for dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, provides daily need of iron in the body, and is good for people with diabetes. Ampalaya powdered seeds contain iron and folic acid which helps in the production of red blood cells and formation of myoglobin and hemoglobin.It is also rich in antioxidants that helps flushing out harmful toxins in the body and regulates the blood flow well. It also has been found out that this alternative may discourage people to use commercial coffee that has no nutritional value compared to coffee made from Ampalaya seeds [3, 7, and 8]. In the study conducted by Ma. Liza Lamanilao and Venus Sejalbo, entitled â€Å"Make/Making Ampalaya Seed Coffee and Polvoron†, in which their main objective is to make coffee and polvoron from unused ampalaya seeds that are being thrown away.They also specifically aims to develop this research to answer the serious need for a very economical, nutritious and a medicinal coffee. During the experiment in making coffee, they collected ampalaya seeds, remove the shells, toasted the seeds until the seeds will turn brown and finally, pound them to produce fine powdered coffee and a caffeine free coffee. They also make nutritious polvoron by toasting again the granules together with milk and sugar. After the experiment, they have found out the nutritional value we could get in Ampalaya Seeds.It contains iron and folic acid or Vi tamin B12 which helped the production of red blood cells and formation of myoglobin and hemoglobin. They also found out that Ampalaya Seeds is good for dysmenorrheal and amenorrhea and it provides the daily need of iron in the body and good for diabetics. It has been found out that the discovery may discourage the people to use the commercial coffee that has no nutritive value compared to coffee made from ampalaya seeds. Ampalaya Seeds is also a good substitute in making coffee based on nutritive value present in seeds. (http://www. foodrecap. net/recipe/ampaya-coffee-pulvoron/)In the research entitled â€Å"Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee and Tea Consumption in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus† which was conducted by Rachel Huxley, Dphil, et al. The study primarily aims to identify the relation between the Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Tea Consumption and the Incident of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The data from 18 studies with information on 457 922 participants reported on the association between coffee consumption and diabetes. Six (N=225,516) and 7 studies (N=286,701) also reported estimates of the association between decaffeinated coffee and tea with diabetes respectively.The putative protective effects of these beverages warrant further investigation in randomized trials. There was inverse log-linear relationship between coffee consumption and subsequent risk of diabetes such that every additional cup of coffee consumed in a day was associated with a 7% reduction in the excess risk of diabetes relative risk, 0. 93 (95% confidence interval, 0. 91-0. 95) after adjustment for potential confounders. Based on the results, the researchers owe to the presence of of small study bias represented an overestimate of the true magnitude of the association.The researchers concluded that high intakes of coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea consumption can reduce risk of diabetes. (http://archinte. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? articleid=773949#) A ccording to Rachel Huxley, DPhil and colleagues in the Archives of Internal Medicine during December 14, 2009 they conducted a study about â€Å"Every Cup of Coffee per Day Lowers Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by 7%†. This study was conducted at the George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia. The researchers stated that there are several studies to prove that drinking coffee may lower the risk of developing type 2 Diabetes.During the study, the researchers resolved information from 18 studies on coffee and diabetes. They also analyzed another 13 studies that includes data on decaffeinated coffee, tea drinking and diabetes. When all the information, from each study was combined, they out that each additional cup of coffee drunk per day was accompanied with a 7% lower risk of diabetes. People who drunk three to four cups of coffee per day had about a 25% lower risk than those who didn’t drank two r fewer cups per day while people who drank decaf feinated coffee more than three to four cups per day had about a ne-third lower risk of having type 2 diabetes. The study shows that if tea drinkers drank more than three to four cups of tea per day had about one-fifth lower risk of diabetes. In a nutshell, the results shows that people who drank more cups of coffee, whether it’s decaffeinated or regular or tea will have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the researchers conclude that they will advise the patients who are most at risk for diabetes mellitus should increase to consume a coffee and tea in addition to increase their levels of weight loss and physical activity. (http://diabetes. webmd. om/news/20091214/coffee-tea-may-stall-diabetes) Chapter III Methodology A. Research Design The researchers will gather unused Ampalaya seeds from clean market sites and homes. They will wash and dry it up under the heat of the sun for 2-3 sunny days. Then, they will peel off its seed coat, roast it for 25 minutes and grind it to powder form. After it is powdered, it will be brewed and distributed to different controls and treatments. Then it will be ready for sensory evaluations for different sampling techniques and rate its acceptability. Problem Can Ampalaya seeds (Momordica charantia) be made into coffee?Hypothesis Ho: There is no difference between the commercial coffee and the Ampalaya seeds made into coffee. HA: There is a significant difference between the commercial coffee and the Ampalaya seeds made into coffee. B. Type Of Study This research study is quasi-experimental which focuses in making coffee from Ampalaya seeds. C. Independent And Dependent Variable The independent variable in this study is the Ampalaya seeds (Momordica charantia) coffee and the dependent variable is the sensory qualities of coffee (taste, color, odor, and texture). D. Treatments Of The Study + Control| – Control| TreatmentA| TreatmentB| TreatmentC| Ampalaya coffee (tsp. )| 1| None| ? | ? | ? | Comm ercial coffee (tsp. )| None| 1| ? | ? | ? | Sugar (tsp. )| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Water (cup)| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| Table 1- Different Treatments of Powdered Ampalaya Seeds This study has 2 treatments for control set-up (positive control – 100% Ampalaya coffee, negative control – 100% commercial coffee) and 3 treatments for the quasi-experimental set-up (TA – 75% Ampalaya coffee, 25% commercial coffee; TB – 50% Ampalaya coffee, 50% commercial coffee; TC – 25% Ampalaya coffee, 75% commercial coffee).E. Subjects / Samples This research study involves ESEP curriculum students from Grade 7 to 4th year. The researchers take only 30 respondents / samples from the whole population of ESEP curriculum. F. Replications Per Treatment There were 5 treatments in this study (positive and negative control, treatment A, B, and C) and in every treatment, there were 30 replicates. G. Methodology Proper Table 2 – Process Flow Of The Conducted Study Preparation of Ingre dients and Materials and Roasting of Seeds for 25 Minutes Heat the frying pan in preparation for the roasting of seeds.Then, prepare the bowl and the mortar and pestle. Wash the seeds until it is free from dirt and other physical elements aside from the seeds. Lastly, prepare the heater for the boiling of hot water and the 5 plastic cups. Then, roast the washed, dried seeds in the pan for 25 minutes. Then cool it off. Drying of Ampalaya Seeds and Removing of Seed Coat The researchers will prepare the seeds which were gathered on the cleaner side of the market and will not be used by the vendors. The researchers wash the seeds, put it in a plate and placed it under the heat of the sun for 2 to 3 sunny days.Then, peel of the seed coat of the seeds with bare hands. Grinding of Seeds After the seeds were cooled off, place the roasted seeds in the mortar then grind it using the pestle until all of the seeds are powdered. Treatment Distribution for Ampalaya and Commercial Coffee In each o f the grouped teacups for the five samples, each teacup is distributed based on the data in Table 1. Sensory Evaluation The researchers conducted the evaluation through sensory qualities (taste, color, odor, and texture) and its acceptability. The treatments A to E are presented to the respondents for the evaluation based on the data on Table 3.Image 1Sample Questionnaire H. Statistical Treatment For Data Analysis The researchers used Chi-square Test in order to find the significant differences between treatments. They also used the mean in order to compute the average rating of sensory qualities (taste, color, odor, and texture) in every treatment. Chapter IV Results And Discussions This research study primarily aims to determine if Ampalaya Seeds (Momordica charantia) can be made into coffee. Based on our experiment, researchers can answer their objectives. The data gathered were tabulated and evaluated as shown below.Graph 1 – Total Respondents Per Rating Of Overall accept ability For The Positive Control This graph is skewed to the left. That means that the respondents rate the pure Ampalaya coffee a little bit lowly. On the brighter side, the majority was clustered in the average part of the graph hence; it can be treated as acceptable. Rating| Sensory Qualities| | Taste| Color| Odor| Texture| 1| 1| 0| 6| 4| 2| 8| 18| 3| 14| 3| 2| 8| 12| 2| 4| 17| 4| 7| 7| 5| 12| 0| 2| 3| | 30. 33| 37. 33| 10. 33| 15. 67| Table 3 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Sensory Quality Of The Positive ControlGraph 2 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Sensory Quality Of The Positive Control The table and graph above shows the relationship of the number of respondents and the rating they rate based on the coffee of the positive control. The graph conveys that the curve of the taste have the best rating results and color shows a more degrading result compared to the other variables. The solution performing the Chi-square Test of the Positive Control values for each of the sensory quality can be found at Appendix A. Comparing these results, we can evaluate: With the total number of respondents, n = 30, total data groups for the rating, k = 5, ? 0. 05, and d. f. = k – 1 = 5 – 1 = 4, then the x? 0. 05= 9. 49. * Since x? taste(30. 33) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the taste is significantly different to each other. The curve of the taste variable is positively skewed in which the respondents have taken the liking to the taste of the Ampalaya coffee. * Since x? color(10. 33) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the color is significantly different to each other. The curve of the color variable is negatively skewed in which the respondents may not have taken the liking to the color of the Ampalaya coffee. Since x? odor(37. 33) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the color is significantly different to each other. The curve of the odor variable is concentrated more on the average side of the rating. Maybe the Ampalaya coffee is more of an odorless beverage because unlike the commercial coffee, it has an aroma because of carbohydrates which may be a little bit of lacking on the Ampalaya seeds. * Since x? texture(15. 67) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the texture is significantly different to each other. The curve of the texture variable is negatively skewed.Maybe the physical appearance of the ground Ampalaya coffee powder is a lot different than the commercial coffee because of the differences of the type of fruit they produce, in which the coffee is a berry fruits so its color is a lot concentrated compared to the gourd family of Ampalaya which has a larger fruit. Rating| Taste| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 1| 4| 0| 2| 1| 2| 8| 7| 9| 8| 12| 3| 2| 2| 6| 5| 4| 4| 17| 7| 8| 9| 8| 5| 2| 10| 7| 6| 5| Mean| 3. 37| 3. 4| 3. 43| 3. 30| 3. 13| Table 4 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For The Taste Graph [ 3 ] â€⠀œ Mean Rating For The Taste Per TreatmentGraph 4 – Mean Rating For The Taste Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the taste is TA, coffee of 75% Ampalaya coffee and 25% of the commercial coffee. Though the results were quite unexpected, the nearness of the rating between the pure commercial coffee and pure Ampalaya coffee is the most focused in this study so, we can say that Ampalaya coffee can be an alternative to a commercial coffee on the basis of its taste. Rating| Color| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 0| 0| 1| 1| 0| 2| 18| 7| 10| 6| 11| 3| 8| 8| 9| 12| 7| 4| 4| 13| 10| 9| 12| | 0| 2| 0| 2| 0| Mean| 2. 53| 3. 33| 2. 93| 3. 17| 3. 03| Table 5 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For The Color Graph 4 – Mean Rating For The Color Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the color is the negative control, 100% commercial coffee. Thoug h the results were quite expected, it means that the Ampalaya coffee can always be distinguished visually from the commercial coffee. Rating| Odor| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 6| 0| 5| 6| 3| 2| 3| 1| 9| 5| 7| 3| 12| 6| 8| 10| 10| 4| 7| 15| 8| 3| 7| 5| 2| 8| 0| 6| 3| Mean| 2. 87| 4. 00| 2. 3| 2. 93| 3. 00| Table 6 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For The Odor Graph 5 – Mean Rating For The Odor Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the odor is the negative control, 100% commercial coffee. If the graph is analyzed, you can hypothesize that an amount of the Ampalaya coffee can greatly diminish the good aroma the commercial coffee currently has. Rating| Texture| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 4| 1| 7| 2| 1| 2| 14| 3| 8| 4| 5| 3| 2| 0| 5| 7| 7| 4| 7| 12| 9| 14| 11| 5| 3| 13| 1| 3| 6| Mean| 2. 70| 4. 17| 2. 63| 3. 40| 3. 53|Table 7 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treat ment For The Texture Graph 6 – Mean Rating For The Texture Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the texture is still the negative control, 100% commercial coffee. Though the results are quite expected, if the graph is analyzed, there is a really much big difference on the texture dealt on the brewing of an Ampalaya coffee and those results are not quite on the liking of the respondents, hence this data might become one of the reasons on why Ampalaya seeds might not be a good alternative of the commercial coffee.But on the other hand, it might become another beverage like a medicinal tea. Rating| Control| Quasi-experimental| | + Control| – Control| TA| TB| TC| 1| 4| 2| 6| 5| 5| 2| 12| 4| 9| 5| 6| 3| 10| 9| 9| 12| 8| 4| 3| 14| 4| 5| 10| 5| 1| 1| 2| 3| 1| Table 8-Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For Overall Acceptability Graph 7- Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For Overall Acceptability With all t he results obtained, expectedly, the commercial coffee achieved the highest overall acceptability among the different treatments.If the curves are trend lined, Graph 8 – Trend Lines For The Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For Overall Acceptability In this graph, it is clearly shown that the positive control has the lowest slope among the treatments, hence; Ampalaya seeds may not be a good alternative for the commercial coffee on the basis of overall acceptability of the respondents. Chapter V Summary, Conclusion And Recommendations SUMMARY Coffee alternatives have been famous last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits.Ampalaya is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The general objective of the study is to determine if Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) seeds can be made into coffee. This research can play a significant role in replacing the generic coffee’s market cost to affordability and medical benefits. It can also conserve unused or to-be-thrown away seeds of Ampalaya.The researchers focus in making coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) seeds and in the sensory qualities (taste, color, odor and texture) of Ampalaya coffee in comparison to commercial coffee. First, the researchers gathered unused Ampalaya seeds from clean market sites and homes. They will wash and dry it up under the heat of the sun for 2-3 sunny days. Then, they will peel off its seed coat, roast it for 25 minutes and grind it to powder form. After it is powdered, it will be brewed and distributed to different controls and treatments.Then it will be ready for sensory evaluation for different sampling technique and rate its acceptability. CONCLUSION Therefore the researchers conclude that: * The overall acceptabi lity of Ampalaya coffee is slightly acceptable. * There are significant difference in every treatment in terms of taste, color, odor and texture. In taste, the positive control (Ampalaya Coffee) got the highest mean rating among the 5 treatments while in color, odor and texture the negative control (Commercial Coffee) got the highest mean rating. * In overall acceptability of groups or set-ups, the negative control is the highest among the 5 treatments.RECOMMENDATIONS If the researchers were given a chance to remake this research, the researchers should gather the Ampalaya seeds at the same plantation, same stem and at the same age. After the researchers have gathered the seed, it should be simultaneously placed it in a plate and dried under the heat of the sun for 2-3 days. The Ampalaya seeds should also be roasted together for 25 minutes. And the researchers hoped that they have a machine in grinding the Ampalaya seeds so that the Ampalaya coffee will have a tiny particle. Appendi x Appendix A Taste x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=1-626+8-626+2-626+(17-6)26+(2-6)26 2=(-5)26+(2)26+(-4)26+(11)26+(-4)26 x2=25+4+16+121+166 x2=30. 33 Color x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=(0-6)26+(18-6)26+(8-6)26+(4-6)26+(0-6)26 x2=(-6)26+(12)26+(2)26+(-2)26+(-6)26 x2=36+144+4+4+366 x2=37. 33 Odor x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=(6-6)26+(3-6)26+(12-6)26+(7-6)26+(2-6)26 x2=(0)26+(-3)26+(6)26+(1)26+(-4)26 x2=0+9+36+1+166 x2=10. 33 Texture x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=(4-6)26+(14-6)26+(2-6)26+(7-6)26+(3-6)26 x2=(4)26+(64)26+(16)26+(1)26+(9)26 x2=4+64+16+1+96 x2=15. 67 Appendix B Taste + Control X= i=0nXin X= 10130 X=3. 37 – Control X= i=0nXin X= 10230 X=3. 40 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 10330 X=3. 3 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 9930 X=3. 30 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 9430 X=3. 13 Color + Control X= i=0nXin X= 7630 X=2. 53 – Control X= i=0nXin X= 10030 X=3. 33 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 8830 X=2. 93 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 9530 X=3. 17 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 9130 X=3. 03 Odor + Control X= i=0nXin X= 8630 X=2. 87 à ¢â‚¬â€œ Control X= i=0nXin X= 12030 X=4. 00 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 7930 X=2. 63 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 8830 X=2. 93 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 9030 X=3. 00 Texture + Control X= i=0nXin X= 8130 X=2. 70 – Control X= i=0nXin X= 12530 X=4. 17 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 7930X=2. 63 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 10230 X=3. 40 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 10630 X=3. 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY * Lamanilao, Ma. Liza and Sejalbo, Venus. â€Å"Make/Making Ampalaya Seed Coffee and Polvoron†, <http://www. foodrecap. net/recipe/ampaya-coffee-pulvoron/>. * Huxley, Rachel and Dphil, et al. â€Å"Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee and Tea Consumption in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus† <http://archinte. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? articleid=773949#>. * Huxley, Rachel, DPhil. â€Å"Every Cup of Coffee per Day Lowers Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by 7%† <http://diabetes. webmd. om/news/20091214/coffee-tea-may-stall-diabetes>. References [1] http://www. charantia. com/about-ampalaya/ [2] http://www. livestrong. com/article/292220-properties-of-ampalaya-sticky-extract/#ixzz1zWJX6zfP [3] http://www. agribusinessweek. com/ampalaya-bitter-gourd-natural-weapon-against-disease/ [4] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coffee [5] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee [6] http://www. blurtit. com/q709932. html [7] http://www. foodrecap. net/recipe/ampaya-coffee-pulvoron/ [8] http://diabetes. webmd. com/news/20091214/coffee-tea-may-stall-diabetes

Research Method for Computing & Technology Essay

2.0 Introduction Nowadays, people prefer to look information online instead of looking at catalogue or books. For example, woman would prefer to look for sales event online instead of looking at the catalogue that delivers to the house. Not all of the household will get the mails for promotion of the month because some postman will throw the mails away as these cases had already happened according to The Star news on Sunday, 21st of July 2013. This website is proposed for user to shop and enjoy shopping easily. The main purpose of this website is to provide the information of the malls in Malaysia. The information includes sales event, performance organize by third party or particular mall, the mall map etc. There are few similar websites like www.midvalley.com.my , www.onestopmalaysia.com and www.offerstation.com. These websites only show either their own particular mall information only or sales promotion only. This website is a combine and improve version of these existing websites as there are many improvements are needed for it. Besides, it will include social function like allowing user to post comment or sharing status by using Facebook account at the sales event area so that others can read and up to date anytime instead of go to the location personally to check out the event as not people now spend most of the time working and rest at home after that. Other than that, user can check out the mall map as well so they could able to know whether the store they looking for exist in the mall. The details of the store include the location of the store in the mall, store’s telephone number and brief explanation of the store. The picture of the store entrance and the shop sign will be provided too. In conclusion, this website will act as a shopping and event guide that allow shoppers to shop smart and save on time. 3.0 Project Background I got this idea to create the website while I am looking for promotion online. There are many similar websites but the information are not complete. One of the example is user cannot post comment for the particular event which I always wanted to know what is going on the event or how is the  atmosphere there. I always hope that there is a photo sharing function under the event post. This proposed system is created for user to shop easily and hunt for sales event easily. Many people do not know when the sales will be but once they browse this website, they could easily get the information they want. As well as they have some inquiry about products or others, they may just give them a call by searching the phone number from the website. This proposed website basically act as a shopping guide for user by showing all the related information. There are some difficulties while deciding the structure of the proposed website. My idea was providing information but I was told that my course is Web Media Technology. Hence, I should include multimedia or social network. Then, I have change my idea from only information to posting up event poster, flash banner etc. User can as well as connect with Facebook and post comment at certain area. 4.0 Problem Statement The common problems that faced by shoppers are where is the location, what is the operating hours, how is the atmosphere there, what promotion is going on etc. They will spend some time to search for the information and reconsider whether it is worth to go. 4.1 Problem Description This proposed website will include information that is needed by shoppers. For instance, shopper might take some time to walk around the mall when they are not familiar with it. With this website, it could become a guide for them so they do not need to waste time walking around the mall and might end up with nothing. Besides, the information like telephone number is useful too. Shoppers do not need to worry when they face any problems about the stuffs they bought. They can just call to the store for inquiry just by only browsing this website. 5.0 Project Aim To provide users every useful information in malls. 6.0 Objective To allow users to look for the information in each mall within Malaysia. To help users to save time on shopping and shop smartly. To give more information on the events which will hold in the mall. To share the tips about the event which is going on. To provide the floor plan to user and assist them to shop. 7.0 Research Question 1. How social networks are useful for website? 2. What kind of information will be show in website? 3. What are the guidelines to help shoppers to shop easily? 4. Can the store’s telephone number be found on other websites? 5. Which methodology is suitable for this proposed project? 6. How long will it takes to develop this website? 7. Which software tools are needed to develop this website? 8. What are the functions of the software? 8.0 Project Development Plan 8.1 Domain Design The major information of my project is about shopping malls in Malaysia while the minor area is allowing social network user to post comment for the event, which will be showed if there is. My targeted domains for this project are local residents, travellers and shopaholics. One of the similar website is One Stop Malaysia. This website contains most of the information of Malaysia which are like foods, education, travel guide etc. For instance, their travel guide blog post allows visitor to post comment. The comment area is embedded with Blogspot while for my project, I will allow Facebook user to connect for posting comment so that they do not need to create account or fill in their particular details just to post a comment. To sum up this, my project contains most of the shopping information such  as malls location, sales event, performance event and so on. Visitors can post comment for the sales event. Therefore, the others can take the comment as reference. Comment like â€Å"left only big sizes† might help those who are petites, so they do not need to waste time and petrol to head over the sales event location after their working hours. This feature is specially made for visitor to share their experience or status about their shopping trip. Visitors can also share the useful tips at the comment area. Other than that, visitors also can have other information from the website such as the malls information. For example, visitor can look for the particular store location from the website. It will show the exact floor and the store telephone number as these information cannot be easily search. 8.2 Technical Design Now days, there are a lot of software development methodology such as SDLC (system development life cycle), Rapid Application Development (RAD), Agile Methodology and others. I will choose Prototyping Methodology for this project as Prototyping has more benefits for a web-based system as it is more suitable for system develop by website. Prototyping methodology is usually used for system that tends to be modified during the development of the system. By using this type of methodology, the development of it will definitely get a higher user satisfaction results because the errors are fixed when it is found during the development process. This action can actually lower down the percentage risk of failure. This methodology required to collect feedbacks from user. This could exposes developers to potential future system enhancements because they know and gained the problems feedbacks as well as bad comment. Next, the tools that I will be using for development of this project are Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe Flash and Adobe Photoshop. All this software functions are taught by my lecturers. Therefore, I am familiar with the functions and feature from the software. I will be coding and designing the layout of the project by using Adobe Dreamweaver. It is a website development tools which has most of the features. While Adobe Photoshop is an editing software for photos and pictures. I will be using it for Posters  editing. Last but not least, Adobe Flash is for creating the banners for advertisement or greetings. I will be using it to make my project more interesting. 9.0 Data Collection Plan 9.1 Primary Data Collection Focus group would be good for carrying out the primary data collection for user requirement of the website. This technique requires a group of people that met the requirement and fulfill the criteria which is related to shopping in order to carry out a good research. These participants are required to spend some time for a short survey. This is to find out what real consumers think and what they feel according to the questions asked. After that, participants will gather around the table and start discussing some topics and provide a range or views. Participants should express their own emotions and feelings honestly and openly as the answers are all private and kept confidential. Next, the questionnaire is also an ideal technique to perform quantitative and qualitative research. This is an inexpensive way as it does not cost too much and it saves a lot of time. The questionnaires can be distribute at shopping malls and collect from shoppers after they are done for it. By showing the appreciation, a small gift like discount vouchers could be given to the shoppers and it is also a way to attract shoppers to do the questionnaire. Focus Group Discussion 1. What function do you need in malls guide and promotion website? Explain why do you need that? 2. If this website is build, how often will you browse it? 3. What kind of information do you wish to see in this website? 4. Which is your ideal similar website now? Explain why? 9.2 Secondary Data Collection There are few sources for secondary data like books, journals, website, newspaper etc. People now do more reading on internet as most of the  information can search through there. Researcher can actually read or reference the work in website to get some inspiration there. Example websites are offerstation.com, midvalley.com.my and etc. 10.0 Personal Reflection Limitations and challenges are the problems that researcher will meet during the development. Researcher has not much knowledge on building a functional website. Thus, this will be affecting process. Researcher has to look and understand the coding from websites or other projects that are done by expertise, as the information could be helpful. Studying the code and understanding them has become a challenge for me in order to complete the proposed system because I have not done any website which is linked to social networks like Facebook and Twitter. This feature requires special coding to embed them to the website. I will have to reference the other websites that has similar function. Lastly, different browsers like Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome, Opera and others have their own technical issues and structures when browsing websites. This will take some time to test the proposed website in each browser and check the problems occur. As mentioned, there are many different browsers but Google Chrome is the most common browser in market. Thus, I have choose Google Chrome for the ideal choice to build this proposed website. 11.0 Conclusion In conclusion, this proposed website is proposed to help users on shopping. There are few similar website but they have not much information. I have jotted down all the useful information which gather from other websites and will apply them to this proposed system as an enhancement. 12.0 References 1. BEH, Y. H. 2013. Thousands of undelivered mail dumped in leafy Ukay Heights ravine. [online] 21st of July. Available at: http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/07/21/Postmans-service-goes-downhi

Cross Cultural Communication Essay

A country that was annexed by another country is sure to have exchanged or been impacted culturally and in many other aspects. An excellent example of this could be the British India. India was ruled over by Britishers for almost 350 years. Therefore, many traits and systems in India today are derived from the time they were under the British rule. One of the most vivid illustrations of this is the schooling system and English as a medium language for teaching and learning. The number of English speakers in India is more than 125 million people (â€Å"Indiaspeaks,† 2010). Analyzing from the graph of Hofstede’s cross cultural dimensions of India and England, it is clear that both countries rank closely in two dimensions which are Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance. In terms of masculinity, both countries especially India, rank very closely to the neutral point. India scored 56 and United Kingdom scored 66. Even though India scored very close to the mid range, it actually is a very masculine country specially in terms of displaying success and power (â€Å"India,† n.d.). However, India is also a country with ancient spiritual history which involves richness of culture and traditions that were shaped by its main religion i.e., Hinduism. This often reigns in people from indulging in Masculine displays to the extent that they might be inclined to (â€Å"India,† n.d.). As for Britain, it is considered a masculine culture. Nevertheless, there is confusion among foreigners as to how can English people value modesty and understatement and at the same time be highly success driven (â€Å"United Kingdom,† n.d.). India scored 40 on Uncertainty Avoidance which means that the country has a medium low preference for avoiding uncertainty. It is due to the perception that nothing has to be perfect nor has to go exactly as planned. Indians have very high tolerance for the unexpected and is welcomed as a break from monotony (â€Å"India,† n.d.). They believe in the notion of adjustment and adaptation. Each situation or problem they face will be handled and taken care of differently. Their behaviors are usually influenced by circumstances. In this dimension the UK scored 35 which indicates that England has a low preference for avoiding uncertainty. According to Geert Hofstede, they are happy to â€Å"make it up as they go along† changing plan as new information comes to light. On the other hand, both countries do have interesting differences in their scores of Power Distance and Individuality. Power Distance is one main dimension where both countries have largest difference which is 42. Indian scored 77 whereas the UK scored only 35. India is strictly a large power distant society where hierarchy is appreciated and accepted. In this kind of society, inequality and centralization of power prevail. Privileges and status symbols are popular. People with no power or younger are not allowed to have a voice. Parents teach children obedience and children ought to treat parents with respect (â€Å"Hofstede,† n.d.) . Teachers are considered as gurus as well. An illustration of this can be seen from the ancient history of India where Gurus taught everything, right from academic to wisdom, to children and groomed them to be good human beings. In terms of business, subordinates are usually not consulted during decision-making. However, they expect to be told what to do. An ideal boss is a benevolent autocrat or good father (â€Å"Hofstede,† n.d.). The UK is a small power distance society. It is interesting to see Britain among one of the small power distance societies as Britain has a rich culture and heritage as well as the monarchy system where there are princes and princesses in the society. In small power distance like Britain, inequalities are minimized. Parents and children treat one another as equals. Teachers are experts who transfer academic knowledge and not life virtues. An ideal boss is a resourceful democrat who consults his subordinates while making any decision. Another dimension where both countries differ greatly in terms of their scores is Individuality. It is the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. It has to do with whether people’s self-image is defined as I or We (Hofstede, n.d.). India scored 48, therefore, it is a collectivistic society whereas Britain scored 89 which makes it a clear individualistic society. In collectivistic society, there is a high preference for belonging where individuals are expected to act in accordance with what other members of the group expect one to do. Behaviors and actions of people in this society are highly influenced by opinions of their family, relatives and members of their social network group. In contrast, in individualistic society, people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only (Hofstede, n.d.). British are highly private people, children are taught to think for themselves and make their own goals in life. The path to happiness is believed to be through personal fulfillment. Another interesting aspect of culture was looked into by Deborah Tannen who wrote a book called â€Å"Languages and Linguistics† where he explained a deep connection between culture and languages and how both are interrelated. One aspect that Tannen stated in his book is about Crosscultural Miscommunication which is about rising and falling intonation. For English, rising intonation means questioning and falling intonation reveals inconsiderateness and indifference which are rude and impolite. Problem arises when business deal or agreement is to take place because this is the most crucial time when contracts are to be signed and both parties definitely do not wish for anything to go wrong. However, just a drop of sound can change almost the whole scenario. It shows that speakers of different cultural backgrounds develop systematically different conventions for using and interpreting linguistic features (Tannen, 2005). Hence, it is very important for everybody, especially those who work in the service field to recognize this difference and work towards improving it. The last important aspect from Tannen’s theory is High involvement and High considerateness. Since Indian society is a highly collectivistic society, it is a high involvement society as well. People in the same area will consider their neighbors as their family members. This stands true at the time of crisis; people would gather and ask with concern about the story and offer suggestions and aid that they could provide. However, Britain is a private society where people are individualistic. They do not like to impose on other people’s business unless they are related or close to the person. Imposition can be taken as ill-mannered or rude in some circumstances. In conclusion, India and British are two completely different cultures that couldn’t have had anything in common if British hadn’t ruled India. Both countries adopted and shared some of the good values and characteristics with each other contributing to the development of quality of life and relationship between both to prosper. Without Hofstede’s dimensions and Tannen’s theories, cross cultural communication would still be difficult and this would hinder growth of business, tourism and cultural sectors of each and every country. Reference Hofstede, G. (n.d.). Dimensions. In Geert Hofstede. Retrieved March 17, 2012, from http://geert-hofstede.com/dimensions.html Hofstede, G. (n.d.). What about India. In Geert Hofstede. Retrieved March 17, 2012, from http://geert-hofstede.com/india.html Hofstede, G. (n.d.). What about the UK? In Geert Hofstede. Retrieved March 17, 2012, from http://geert-hofstede.com/united-kingdom.html Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language [TNN]. (2010, March 14). In The Times of India. Retrieved March 17, 2012, from The Times of India website: http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-14/india/28117934_1_second-language-speakers-urdu (n.d.). HOFSTEDE: Cultures And Organizations – Software of the Mind [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://westwood.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hofstede.pdf Tannen, D. (2005). Interactional Sociolinguistics as a resource for Intercultural Pragmatics. In Intercultural Pragnlatics (Vols. 2-2, pp. 205-208). Walter de Gruyter. Tannen, D. (2006). Language and culture. An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, 345-347. 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Interoffice Memorandum

With the tight budget restraints to employ six IT employees, including myself; I have broken up the IT department into teams that have good growth potential for the future of the many. CIO – The CIO will oversee all IT operations for the company and will report directly to the CEO. ;Network Team – The network team will be In charge of all communications related to Inter-office and external communication for the company.This includes but is not limited to Demark, Switches, Firewalls, Proxies, Voice, Remote Access, and all cabling of phone and data for the office. ; Platform Team – This team will be in charge of development of applications and server / desktop hardware for the company. This includes but is not limited to applications, server and desktop reward, maintaining licensing and support contracts, as well as researching new software that can aid the company In success. Database Team – This team will be In charge of the Integrity of the data that is s tored Internally for the company and If the demand rises external access to data to customers. They will be in charge of maintaining these databases, data retention, backup and archival procedures. ; Security Team – This team holds a very important role, although all the teams are important this team ensures that the other teams designs and implementations to he network, platforms, as well as the applications are not imposing security vulnerabilities In the companies Infrastructure.They also are In charge of but are not limited to the following security vulnerability prevention, so, ISO, and application security patching, regular security scans of the network, auditing and logging, company security awareness, and daily review of the logs. ;Help Desk Team – This team is in charge of fielding the employee trouble calls and aid the users in there questions and problems they may be having. They are also in charge of training the sickest and forwarding to the prospected tea ms when needed..